Peter D. McDonald is Professor of English and Related Literature and Fellow of St Hugh’s College, Oxford. He writes on literature, the modern state, and the freedom of expression; the history of writing systems, cultural institutions, and publishing; multilingualism, translation, and interculturality; and on the promise of creative criticism. He is the author of Artefacts of Writing: Ideas of the State and Communities of Letters from Matthew Arnold to Xu Bing (Oxford, 2017;
https://artefactsofwriting.com/); The Literature Police: Apartheid Censorship and its Cultural Consequences (Oxford, 2009;
https://theliteraturepolice.com/); British Literary Culture and Publishing Practice, 1880-1914 (Cambridge, 1997); and co-author of PEN: An Illustrated History (Interlink/Thames & Hudson, 2021).